Exploring the impact of broadband and technology on our lives, our businesses, and our communities.

Has Skype won the VoIP wars?

Several business associates and I decided to try a Skype voice conference call the other day. I had not looked at the Mac Skype software since it was first announced; at that time, I was not impressed. The latest version has an excellent interface and features built in chat and file sharing.

Voice quality was superb--better than a Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) landline. The built in address book makes one click dialing dead simple.

But we had some glitches. One of the people trying to join the call discovered that his broadband access provider was blocking Skype--more on that in a moment. And about forty-five minutes into the call, I had trouble with my microphone input--it just stopped working, for no apparent reason. I had to call back to get it working again.

Despite the problems, I was impressed with the ease of use, the excellent design of the interface, and the terrific sound quality. There are still bugs to work out, and to be fair to Skype, I occasionally have the same sound input issue with iChat, Apple's voice/chat application. So it's not clear that that problem is even a Skype issue.

We're on the verge of an enormous change in the way we make voice calls, and the software and hardware is just about there--good enough that millions of businesses and individuals are using VoIP systems every day. But one glitch is the growing resistance of broadband providers to free and fee-based IP voice systems like Skype. From their perspective, companies like Skype use their bandwidth for free, and that's essentially correct.

Hence we have companies simply blocking Skype packets, rendering the service unusable on their networks. The Wall Street Journal reported last week (subscription required) that the major broadband providers, including BellSouth and SBC/AT&T, are beginning to consider charging content providers for network access. It's not just voice that is driving this; as more and more people download movies and television shows, the broadband providers have to deliver more and more network capacity, but have fixed price contracts with customers, meaning their costs go up as their customers use the network more, but their income stays the same.

The current cost/price structure for broadband is untenable, and we will see much confusion in the marketplace over the next several years as new price models emerge. But companies like PacketFront have already solved this problem by providing a comprehensive communitywide network operating system that is service-based, rather than bandwidth-based. In a service-based model, broadband connections would be free, and if you wanted a VoIP phone, you'd select from several different VoIP service providers that have contracts with the network operator (e.g. the community or private broadband provider). Part of the fee for VoIP service would go to the network operator to cover the cost of providing the network. This model is very similar to the way we build and manage roads, and that model has worked well for decades.

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FAA working on space tourism rules

The FAA continues to develop rules for space tourism, with a final set of recommendations expected in July. Virgin Galactic expects to begin regular commercial space flights in less than four years, and the FAA is trying to establish ground rules to safely manage commercial space flights. Requirements are expected to be similar to the rules set for terrestial airlines, and the the FAA will probably not try to regulate health issues--leaving that for passengers to decide for themselves if they are fit enough for launch, weightlessness, and re-entry.

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Nuclear power warms up

This report says that Europe is starting to invest again in nuclear power [link no longer available]. Like the U.S., most of Europe stopped building nuclear power plants after the 1970s Three Mile Island disaster.

If you look strictly at deaths directly attributable to nuclear power and compare them to deaths from coal power, coal loses every time. There are mining disasters regularly, with the latest tragedy right here in Appalachia.

Nuclear's biggest problem was that during the sixties and seventies, every nuclear power plant designed was a one-off...that is, a custom design. It's like building cars by hand--expensive and increases the risk of problems. What we need is just one or two standard nuclear power plant designs that are well understood. Training and safety systems would be standardized, it would much easier to evaluate and test components, and the cost of off the shelf power plants would be much lower.

Nuclear power plants have virtually no emissions, do not generate acid rain or carbon dioxide, and don't require transporting large amounts of fuel (coal, oil, natural gas) across great distances. France generates 80% of its electricity from nuclear power, and has done so safely for more than twenty years. The U.S. needs to take another look at nuclear.

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Color scanning pen

Another gadget from the Consumer Electronics Show that is intriguing is a pen size color scanner. I was pretty skeptical when I read about this; years ago I had a big, clunky, handheld black and white scanner that you could roll across a document. It was awful; no matter how hard you tried, you got blurry, uneven scans. It's main attribute was its price, which I think was a couple of hundred dollars, at a time when a flat bed scanner cost several thousand dollars. Nonetheless, the money was wasted.

But this little pen, which scans in high resolution, 24 bit color, may actually work if the sample scans the company provides are any indication. This scan of a letter is crisp and clear, and the scan of a black and white cartoon is also excellent.

How many times have you read something in a magazine or newspaper and thought, "I'd like to save that?" This little pen is just the right size to make that quick and easy.

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Blogging and the incumbent power structure

A Marquette University dental student has had an expulsion reversed after the widespread publicity forced the university to back down.

The dental student foolishly made some short-tempered remarks about teachers and fellow students on his personal blog. The school responded like a three year old with a temper tantrum by kicking the student out and revoking a full scholarship.

But a local newspaper and radio station, along with bloggers, publicized the university's actions.

Aside from the irony of a university trying to censor the exchange of ideas (and everyone apparently agreed the student was foolish), it is much harder to cover up these kinds of actions today. Twenty years ago, the student might have had his budding career ruined because of a single juvenile mistake, and the university would probably have gotten away with the over the top reaction.

Like it or not, our actions are potentially subject to more scrutiny than was ever possible in the past. If your organization or business is faced with accusations (true or untrue), how you respond could become the main story. Too many organizations, like Marquette, have not adapted to the Knowledge Democracy, in which we can all be our own media outlet. Some of us have less power, and many others of us have much more power to influence events.

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Skype conference phone

When companies start making real products for some other company's service, you know something is going on. Skype is beginning to make real inroads on the VoIP marketplace, and hardware manufacturers think there is money to be made.

XING is a conference phone made expressly to work with Skype and only Skype. Niche market? Yes, but apparently big enough to actually make stuff for it.

I'm not crazy about Skype because it uses a proprietary format, rather than an open standard. But it works, and because it has a business model aimed at making money, the company can focus on quality and good service. In comparison, I tried for a couple of hours to get Free World Dialup, a free, open source VoIP service, working on my computer. I'm sure it does, but the configuration was obtuse and the directions were lousy. I couldn't figure it out, and two hours is about my limit. And if I can't figure out in that time, a lot of other people with a lot less patience probably can't either.

Skype may not be the best VoIP service technically, but it works. And like the old Betamax-VHS war, we know you don't have to be the best to win in the marketplace.

The memory wristband

The annual Consumer Electronics Show is in full swing, and like past years, an incredible and often amusing array of new gadgets are on display. One company has combined the craze for those rubber wristbands with a USB memory stick. I wouldn't wear one because they don't match my loafers, but I suspect they may be popular with teenagers.

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Wisconsin mandates open source voting software

The state of Wisconsin has passed a law requiring that all software used in voting machines be open and accessible to the public. This is the right thing to do. Voting is the bedrock of a democratic republic, and how votes are tallied cannot be held close by a private company.

Voting software that is open to inspection by third party experts will be more secure and more robust than "secret" code. This approach has already been show to yield excellent results; in general, open source software like Linux, which has a worldwide group of programmers examining the code, has fewer bugs and security issues than private code like Windows.

What is unfortunate is that most electronic voting machines, most of which are less than a year old, will have to be upgraded or replaced in the next couple of years. Public officials and voting registrars failed to do their duty when purchasing these machines. A broad array of programmers and security experts warned repeatedly that the current crop of machines (two companies have captured most of the market) are insecure and vulnerable to vote-changing. The recent demonstration that votes in Diebold machines can be easily altered (North Carolina) was a wake up call to legislators.

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Economic development of the future

With a hat tip the excellent Connecting People blog, here is a link to what looks like a great new source of economic development ideas and concepts for the Knowledge Economy.

One of the great things about blogs is that the good ones are typically written by people with a passion for a particular topic, like future-oriented economic development. The short article style of blogs, coupled with the fast scanning offered by RSS feeds, gives you access to a lot of information that has already been vetted and reviewed by someone that knows more than you do about a topic outside your own area of expertise.

One of the problems I see over and over again, especially in rural communities, is a lack of information. Rumor, innuendo, and misunderstandings often get in the way of bringing focus and commitment to a problem. If more community leaders were blogging about local affairs, it would be more difficult for roadblocks to develop. Open discussion of problems is a good thing, not something to fear.

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The wearable "computer"

The "wearable computer" crowd typically lashes together wierd looking stuff that seems to have come from a bad sci fi movie--elaborate belt packs with wires hanging off them, strange goggles with built in displays--nothing you or I would ever get near.

What's the biggest "wearable computer" in the world? It's the iPod, which was designed with attention to both form and function, rather than as a technology demonstration.

Take a look at these new "computers" that show off technology that has been under development for some time, so this is not imaginary stuff--costs and marketing have not been worked out yet, but these kinds of gadgets are coming.

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