Exploring the impact of broadband and technology on our lives, our businesses, and our communities.
Comcast, which has been criticized of late for apparently trying to throttle peer to peer (P2P) file sharing traffic, seems to be shifting focus by investing in a P2P business start up. This is a good sign. As I and others have argued for a long time, we need to shift away from the "bucket of bits" model of broadband and move toward a service-oriented business and network model. P2P file sharing is just another service. It is not inherently bad, and in fact, can be used very efficiently to move large files (like TV programs and movies) around various parts of the Internet.
While some of the content providers simply want to outlaw P2P software because it is sometimes mis-used, that's also silly. It would be equivalent to outlawing cars because they are sometimes used to commit bank robberies. P2P, as a service, has real value, and if used to deliver licensed and legitimate content, it can be a service that people are willing to pay for. But the key is to have networks designed to deliver services, not just a bucket of bits. And that means changing not just the technology that manages network (relatively straightforward), but also changing the business models of broadband companies--that is also straightforward, if the company culture is willing to change--that is the tougher challenge.
Google has announced its long promised Google Health service, which stores your medical and drug records on Google servers. You get to set your own userid and password, and Google makes a big deal about the high level of security on their servers. But I don't think the biggest privacy concern is from hackers--I think Google CAN keep the servers secure.
What I worry about is Google simply nosing through everyone's health records, looking for data that can be sold, repackaged, or re-purposed for advertisers. Yes, the company has a security and privacy policy, but they are also free to change it anytime they like, after many of us have given them all our health information. The service is not bound by HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) rules, which would require Google to notify you, if for example, someone or some entity tried to subpoena your health records. "Free health record storage," however convenient it may be, is not free; the price one pays is giving up more privacy.
Steve Cisler passed away today from complications due to cancer. Steve was an early pioneer in the U.S. community networking movement, and helped many of us in the early nineties as local community network projects were starting up. Steve was at Apple Computer then, and he was able to provide important and often critical funding and equipment for local projects. One of Steve's contributions was to provide an Apple Web server to the Blacksburg library near the start of the Blacksburg Electronic Village. That server provided Web sites for local community groups for several years, at a time when it was more difficult and expensive to purchase Web hosting commercially.
Steve also helped organize and manage some of the earliest conferences on community networking. Many of us stood on Steve's shoulders.
Richard Lowenberg has set up a Blogger site for notes about Steve. Please post all comments there.
http://communitynetworking2008.blogspot.com/
Some Steve's writing is here.
I recently had to do some research work and had to visit about a dozen Web community and higher ed Web sites. The higher ed sites were community colleges and small four year colleges. Uniformly, all the sites were quite bad. Basic information like street addresses and phone number were either missing or hard to find. Different parts of the sites looked different and had different navigation buttons in different locations. Many pages with the right titles lacked useful information in the body of the page.
The community sites often had very little information about the community. Many of them simply had a few links to other sites, like local government and tourism. So it was actually quite difficult to learn anything useful about the communities from the community Web site.
Search engines index and rate sites based on the kind and type of information on the site, and ignore images. While good graphic design is important for the user experience, it is not enough. Web sites today are a primary marketing tool for organizations and communities, and yet, based on my experience, many well-funded organizations and communities spend little or nothing on what could be their best marketing tool. Communities that will quickly spend tens of thousands of dollars on color brochures are reluctant to spend a few thousand dollars on a high quality Web site that has a worldwide reach.
Most early business relocation research is now done via the Web, and if your community does not have a cluster of well-designed sites--community portal, K12 schools, higher ed, tourism, economic development, community groups--your business attraction efforts may falter.
NASA may finally be ready to blast off, literally, with greatly expanded capacity, by going to the private sector for space transportation rather than owning and operating all its own space vehicles.
Faced with the problem of using the literally antique Space Shuttles (more than thirty years old in design) just to get food and supplies to the space station and many years from having a replacement, NASA appears to be finally shifting course.
Part of what enables this shift is technology. What was truly pioneering engineering and research effort twenty or thirty years ago can now be designed with inexpensive CAD/CAM programs on powerful and cheap computers. New materials and computer manufacturing allow small space start up companies to build sophisticated space vehicles quickly and economically.
Regions that have been investing in space (New Mexico, Texas, Virginia, among others) may see a small but steady economic development benefit as space startups win big NASA contracts for various kinds of space vehicles and equipment.
"Whaling" is a new form of phishing attacks. It is called whaling because the spam emails are carefully targeted towards big fish, or whales. Spammers have been sending carefully crafted emails that look like an official U.S. Federal Court sub poena. Clicking on the link embedded in the email secretly installs a keystroke logger on your computer which then sends userids, passwords, and credit card numbers to the spammer.
We actually got one of those sub poenas about two weeks ago, and it certainly looked official. But sub poenas are usually delivered in person, and so after looking closely at the email and some of the links, we quickly determined it was spam.
FCC Commissioner Deborah Tate spoke on the last day of the Broadband Properties conference. She had some interesting statistics that should give pause to anyone who thinks that DSL and cable modem broadband services are "good enough." Commissioner Tate noted that:
Tate went on to enumerate that choice was important to buyers of telecom services, and she listed that choice should be available for services, for providers, and for equipment.
Graham Richards, the former Mayor of Ft. Wayne, Indiana, spoke at the Broadband Properties Summit about why Ft. Wayne pushed fiber to the home. Some of the services and benefits included:
A green affordable housing initiative cut monthly energy costs for lower income families, and the broadband network was used to monitor energy use.
The network enabled live video monitoring of latchkey children whose parents had to work. Parents could have high quality video chats with their children as soon as they arrived home in the afternoon.
Local schools were able to offer enhanced distance learning opportunities to their students, including afternoon and weekend mentoring with tutors (enabled by the fiber network).
Their vision was fiber everywhere: a community broadband network dedicated to equality of opportunity and universal access.
They began a pilot initiative to have the city use hybrid plug in vehicles to reduce fuel and transportation costs for city workers.
They set a goal of saving 5% of the city budget through IT/broadband and green strategies--helping to conserve taxpayers dollars.
While Richards was mayor, he was able to turn the economic growth of the city from a deep loss of jobs to a dramatic turnaround in jobs creation and new businesses, and he attributed it to setting a vision, sticking to it, and broadband.
At the Broadband Properties Summit, there was a case study on IP TV (TV delivered via broadband). DirecTV and an apartment owner in Alexandria, Virginia teamed up to provide competitive TV services in a large, 350 unit apartment building. Some of the highlights of the experiment:
Prior to the introduction of the new service, the biggest tenant complaint was about the incumbent TV provider service. The number one tenant demand was for more choice in selecting a TV provider.
After introducing the competitive DirecTV service, complaints are down and compliments are up.
The case study confirmed my longstanding bandwidth calculations about future network planning. A single channel of HD TV on the system requires 10+ megabits of bandwidth on the system, and live HD events (e.g. sports, racing, etc.) requires 15+ megabits of capacity per channel. This demonstrates the inadequacy of DSL, wireless, cable, and even FiOS to deliver next generation services.
Cat5e or Cat6 cable is needed from a distribution closet to each apartment, where a set top box converts the signal and sends it to the TV. The system performed so well that most residents did not realize it was IP TV. There have been claims that "IP TV doesn't work well compared to satellite and cable." We can put those to rest.
The take away for the talk was really about making sure that new homes and apartments are broadband ready. Most communities still do nothing to encourage builders and developers to build "broadband ready" homes and commercial buildings, which is a missed economic development opportunity, especially given the ease and low cost of doing this.
Bruce Mehlman, from the Internet Innovation Alliance, which is a lobbyist group in D.C., had some interesting statistics on the state of broadband in the U.S. today. He spoke this morning at the Broadband Properties Summit.
293,000 new jobs are created with every 1% increase in broadband availability in the United States. This is a statistic that you might want to pass on to local economic developers and elected officials who may be skeptical about the benefits of broadband. It is easy to do the math to calculate how many new jobs would be created in your community from a community-wide commitment to universal broadband access.
About 66% of the homes in the U.S. are using the Internet, and 50% of those have broadband. This means two-thirds of U.S. home still have no broadband.
There is a $580 billion dollar global market for IT services, indicating there are lots of job and business opportunities for U.S. companies if they have affordable broadband infrastructure.
Think your local economy would benefit from a steel plant? It turns out that the number of people making a full time living from selling things on eBay exceeds the employment of the entire U.S. steel industry. Note to rural communities: this is a work from home opportunity that requires broadband.
Broadband is a green technology. By one estimate, universal access to broadband in the U.S. could create a billion ton reduction in greenhouse gases over a ten year period. Broadband is a net energy saver.
Another study estimates that the healthcare industry could cut costs by as much as 25% by making better use of broadband and IT. Note to rural communities: broadband may cut healthcare costs.
Skeptics of the demand for Internet-based video take note. YouTube did not exist four years ago, and today has 100 million viewers per day.
Broadband will not be affordable in most areas without a business model that creates and sustains competition.